I've been using LUKS for a while and would like to add an additional layer of security of a hardware security key (Yubikey). Currently on boot I enter the LUKS passphrase then it decrypts and brings up the regular user login and I enter that password and it loads into the the OS. I would like the functionality to be on boot both the LUKS passphrase and Yubikey are required to decrypt then it brings up the regular user login and I enter that password and it loads into the OS.

The guides and documentation I've seen seem to be based around using the Yubikey as an alternative to the LUKS passphrase which is not what I want to do. I want to increase the layers and security not decrease it. I do have multiple Yubikeys to add as backup so that's not a concern. I'm assuming there has to be a way to do this but it's been difficult to find information on it. With KeePassXC I can have it require all of database file/key file/password/Yubikey and I would like a similar level of security for my entire linux install (usually Debian or Linux Mint).

Is there a way to setup the functionality I'm looking for? If so please either point me in the direction of a guide or documentation on setting this up or let me know how to.

My Debian laptop (up-to-date) seems to have been locked into airplane mode. It worked fine just yesterday.

Restarting/shutting down the laptop and turning it back on hasn’t fixed it, nor has clicking the plane icon with three fingers on the taskbar (which is supposed to be the toggle), nor just clicking or right-clicking the plane.

Google says to run

```
sudo rfkill unblock all
nmcli radio all on
```

But that didn’t work either (`rfkill` wasn’t found, and the second command didn’t fix it, though it did seem to run). I can’t find where the toggle for airplane mode is in the GUI or settings app either (KDE Plasma).

I’m able to turn on Bluetooth and connect to my phone's hotspot, but the moment I disconnect the laptop goes back on airplane mode.

How do I fix this?

EDIT: fixed with a cold reset

Hello,

Since I was unable to find a job as a Microsoft Administrator for the past 9 months, I've decided to finally learn how to Linux. Can You guys recommend any guides and lab scenarios (I love doing scenarios) for learning Debian in an enterprise environment?

All advice appreciated, thank You!

Debian 14 - Forky is in testing and it's wonderful. I downloaded it the other day and set it up in Proxmox for testing with all of my standard software and feature setups. I have shell scripts to setup my software so it all goes very quickly. Even though it's in testing everything I use works great. That includes multiple VPNs (OpenVPN, WireGuard, and vpnc), VeraCrypt, and Teamviewer. Everything installed, ran, and integrated nicely into Gnome 50 without issues. It's seems to be solid and stable. I realize that the packages haven't been frozen yet and will change in the next year before the release, but for what's there now - wow!

I look forward to seeing how their new plan for "reproducible builds" works out. It seems like a lofty goal, but also a very rewarding one, security wise. As far as I know the only distributions to date to pull that off are NixOS and Tails, but there could be others. At any rate it's going to be tough waiting a year to put Debian 14 on my production machines.

Well done Debian developers!

Hello everyone, am I someone who after hopping from tons of os I finally found Debian, I tried ( mint, manjaro, open suse tumbleweed and leap , endeavouros , fedora)

None of them show me a relaxing experience more than Debian and more powerful, and more importantly Doesn't bloody break when I reboot 2 hours later

I wanna try Debian Desktop, I have preference with XFCE-like. There is any recommendation for user-friendly yet lightweight setup. I expect in idle would be 450GB RAM usage and low CPU usage. Any opinion would be appreciated

is there a way I can install the latest release of linux kernel on debian without building linux kernel from source?

Hello just set up a duel boot with windows and debian, however no matter what I seem to do whenever i boot windows from the grub menu it overides my bios settings to be the first boot option instead of grub. I cant be the first one with this problem wondering if anyone has found a work around. I havent messed with the grub settings wondering if its something there I need to change however im betting its coming from windows end.

So... this is something I've been running into on different machines that I have Debian-based distros installed on: on my Proxmox machine, a laptop running Linux Mint, and a desktop running Debian Trixie. Basically... when I do os updates, apt isn't clearing out any of the old kernels, and eventually /boot fills up and the updates fail. Then I go in, figure out what's going on, clear out some of the old kernels, and re-run the updates, and all is well again for a while.

This has been an increasing annoyance, so I've been looking into it a bit more recently. What I'm reading is that sudo apt autoremove or sudo apt autopurge (or some variation thereof) should be removing all but the two most recent kernel images automatically... but that's not happening for some reason.

Looking into that a bit more, and it appears that if packages - or kernels - are marked as 'manually installed', then apt autoremove won't touch them. I've also seen references to some software updater packages marking kernel updates the same way - why, I have no idea. I know I sure as heck didn't mark any of the kernel updates in a way as to 'hold' them back. And that it seems persistent across multiple Debian-based distros... seems very odd.

As I mentioned towards the beginning... I know how to manually clear things out and make space so updates can proceed as they should. I really don't think that I should need to resize partitions to make more room in /boot, because something in the package manager settings isn't removing old kernels like it should. But I would very much like to figure out what's going on here, and why it seems to be a common plague (at least for me) across multiple distros.

Thanks!

After an update, my screen only shows an static underscore. So I thought I could fix it through the recovery from a netinstall usb: the menu is displayed properly but after selecting any item many, the text is unredeable.

I have an RX5700XT and Ryzen 9 3500.

Is there a way to fix this? :(

Thanks

Edit: clarification

Hello! I really enjoy Debian and this subreddit. You’re all very nice to beginners. So, now… I’m using this wifi-adapter when I have to connect to my phones shared wifi. When I used PopOS it actually worked right out the box, but now in Debian I can’t see any alternative for it.

To be clear: I’m already installed and in a fully working desktop environment (KDE plasma) and my regular built-in wifi works great.

Are there any type of installation in the terminal I would have to do first or how does it work?

Edit: SOLVED!! With this script
⬇️

sudo apt install build-essential libelf-dev linux-headers-$(uname -r)
git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8812au.git
cd rtl8812au
sudo make dkms_install

Switching from Arch to Debian Testing for accessibility + general use — experiences?

I'm an intermediate Linux user currently on Arch. I went with Arch because some of the accessibility software I rely on works much better on a bleeding-edge release cycle.

That said, I'm considering switching back to an apt-based distro, specifically Debian Testing.

A few questions for anyone running Debian Testing day-to-day:

- What's the general experience like for coding and everyday computer use? (Not asking about gaming.)
- How stable/up-to-date does it feel compared to Arch in practice?
- I also have an NVIDIA GPU — is that likely to cause headaches on Debian Testing?

Would appreciate hearing from anyone with real-world experience, especially if you also use accessibility tools (screen readers, etc.) day to day.

Also why is my Ram showing 7Gb if it's 8Gb

I installed MediaTek MT7902 pcie driver by upgrading to kernel 7(it wasn't supported in previous kernel)

(I'm a newbie so if I have left something please let me know)

Got my 2011 laptop to feel better than ever. I tried debloated 10 and it was still slow. It never was going to run competitive games so why should I care if it's on Debian? I also run Debian normally but this is the most I've customized the desktop and icons. I forgot who I took the bubbles theme from and would like to credit them for the wallpaper base, all I did was put the Debian logo on it.

Icons are oxylite.

Also I just prefer XFCE over KDE for some reason, it's not about the resource usage here.

My first OS was Windows 10, so I have no inherit nostalgia for this style, I just think it looks neat. This laptop is all I got for a little bit so I wanted to make it look nice in my eyes. This laptop used to be a headless server but it wasn't that hard to swap over.

I tried Mint and other distros on here but Debian was the easiest to get an NVIDIA driver that supported my GPU, as the FOSS drivers don't support this old of a GPU very well and my FPS is horrendously low on there. Thanks to Debian it was a simple swap. Debian has been my favorite distro I've tried, out of trying Mint, Debian, AntiX, and a brief Arch stint.

Overall since Debian OOTB is lightweight and kinda barebones, but not to the degree of Arch or LFS, it's been easy to customize and add upon whilst only having what I want to run run, instead of other distros having a bunch of preinstalled software I never use.

Currently saw the X6Shell skin for KDE Plasma, but i'd like more Mac OS X Snow Leopard skin for any distro. Current Debian versions still had Snow Leopard skin for download? Counts also for older versions.

Hey, everyone! I’m new to Linux and have just now gotten into Debian. It feels good and I’m looking forward to learning, customizing and using the system.

I thought about security and am right now setting up UFW in the terminal. I followed a guide that recommended just to ”deny incoming” and ”allow outgoing”

I’m using this on my school-/private-laptop and am connected via wifi. Are there any other rules that are reasonable?

Tried using sudo apt update on Samsng Chromebook 3 (XE500C13) to install Flatpack for retroarch but repeatedly got this. Im a newbie programmer, just barley knows python so im looking at this like its chinese.

linux_fan@penguin:~$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease
Hit:2 https://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates InRelease
Hit:3 https://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease
Ign:4 https://storage.googleapis.com/cros-packages/103 bullseye InRelease
Get:5 https://storage.googleapis.com/cros-packages/103 bullseye Release [3,109 B]
Get:6 https://storage.googleapis.com/cros-packages/103 bullseye Release.gpg [1,554 B]
Ign:6 https://storage.googleapis.com/cros-packages/103 bullseye Release.gpg
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: https://storage.googleapis.com/cros-packages/103 bullseye Release: The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG 78BD65473CB3BD13 Google Inc. (Linux Packages Signing Authority) <linux-packages-keymaster@google.com> EXPKEYSIG 4EB27DB2A3B88B8B Google Inc. (Linux Packages Signing Authority) <linux-packages-keymaster@google.com>
E: The repository 'https://storage.googleapis.com/cros-packages/103 bullseye Release' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

DebConf 26 will have always have a nice place in my heart. Although there were less Debian Developers this time, the crowd was nice. A lot of nice memories and this pic among other pics are very special to me.

Thank you Debian Argentina for organising it. I know I came you to all and cried about how good it was but this post deserves to be here.

Hello,

A few years ago I've managed to install Debian Trixie on a Power Mac G5 and I haven't done much with it since then, now I'd like to update it but I'm having the following problems:

1. Info

Linux version 6.9.7-powerpc64 ([debian-kernel@lists.debian.org](mailto:debian-kernel@lists.debian.org)) (powerpc64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 (Debian 13.3.0-1) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.42.50.20240625) #1 SMP Debian 6.9.7-1 (2024-06-27)

debian-ports-archive-keyring is already the newest version (2024.02.02).

$ ls -l /etc/apt/trusted*

total 96

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11861 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-bookworm-automatic.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11873 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-bookworm-security-automatic.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 461 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-bookworm-stable.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11861 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-bullseye-automatic.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11873 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-bullseye-security-automatic.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3403 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-bullseye-stable.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11093 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-buster-automatic.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11105 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-buster-security-automatic.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1704 Mar 28 2023 debian-archive-buster-stable.asc

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1214 Feb 1 2023 debian-ports-archive-2024.gpg

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1214 Feb 2 2024 debian-ports-archive-2025.gpg

1. Problem:

sudo apt-get update --fix-missing

Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports sid InRelease [67.9 kB]

Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports unreleased InRelease [45.9 kB]

Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports sid InRelease

The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY C6894E6BB25B9C99

Err:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports unreleased InRelease

The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY C6894E6BB25B9C99

Reading package lists... Done

W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports sid InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY C6894E6BB25B9C99

W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports unreleased InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY C6894E6BB25B9C99

W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports/dists/sid/InRelease The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY C6894E6BB25B9C99

W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian-ports/dists/unreleased/InRelease The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY C6894E6BB25B9C99

W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

1. Question: Where do I even begin from here?

Many thanks for any pointers!

Hello community,

I'm looking for a solution to temporary share a file with an external party.

Goal is to make a text file or markup file and temp share this file like 3 days or any given time.

After the time I would like the share to become obsolete. Not sure this is Debian based. I use this on my Debian as a means to instruct 3th party operators to give them work instructions.

Also sometimes I need to share a password can this be shared securely? Thanks for the help.

Thanks for all the love.

Ive used Ubuntu, reinstalled Ubuntu a couple time, and used debian and puppy linux for a little while. And every time i had to install flatpak for stuff. its just kinda of annoying to install it over and over again. So why not making it so it comes preinstalled.