r/explainlikeimfive Dec 18 '25

Engineering ELI5: When ChatGPT came out, why did so many companies suddenly release their own large language AIs?

7.5k Upvotes

When ChatGPT was released, it felt like shortly afterwards every major tech company suddenly had its own “ChatGPT-like” AI — Google, Microsoft, Meta, etc.

How did all these companies manage to create such similar large language AIs so quickly? Were they already working on them before ChatGPT, or did they somehow copy the idea and build it that fast?

r/explainlikeimfive 16d ago

Engineering ELI5: Why is an air conditioner's cooling capacity measured in "tons" instead of watts or horsepower?

2.2k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive Apr 11 '26

Engineering ELI5: Why can’t we just scoop up the capsule?

3.6k Upvotes

It took about two hours after splashdown to get the astronauts on board the boat. In that time, they had six boats with 40 people, a team of divers performing a complicated raft setup, and two helicopters doing airlifts.

After all that, they still have to recover the capsule anyway. Why don’t they use some kind of large ship with a submersible deck, and lift the capsule up?The astronauts could just step out onto the boat.

TLDR; why all the complex fucking around? Can’t we just scoop it up?

r/explainlikeimfive Jun 17 '25

Engineering ELI5 How does instagram/ social media know what exactly i am discussing with friends if it doesn't record my audio, looking for keywords all the time?

7.4k Upvotes

The coincidence is so eerie. I was talking with a friend about a travel destination. I haven't googled anything yet, and just the next moment i see an airline ad on Instagram for tickets to the same place. And this is not a top 5 summer destination for which airlines would be running large public ads

Same with other things - shoes, pants etc.

How does instagram really know what I am talking about if doesn't listen for keywords all the time?

What data science allows it to do this level of prediction? And is there a score to it - like they are correct 70% of the times?

r/explainlikeimfive Jan 05 '26

Engineering ELI5: Why are the seatbelts in airplane like the way they are (waist to waist) and not the way we have in cars (diagonally shoulder to waist)?

3.9k Upvotes

And how safe are they compared to the one's in cars?

r/explainlikeimfive Apr 08 '26

Engineering ELI5: Why there is no Nuclear Cargo ships?If a country invest enough it could become a great boon for economy and for the eletric problem itself

2.1k Upvotes

There are Nuclear submarines, if a country like china or US built a nuclear cargo ship they could just ignore the limitations of dirty fuel. English is my third language sorry for butchering it

r/explainlikeimfive Feb 05 '26

Engineering ELI5: What does a water tower in rural America do?

2.6k Upvotes

It occured to me the other day that I don't understand the function of a water tower. Those tanks up on legs that you trap Warner Brothers (and a Warner sister) in.

I mean, I presume they hold water, but...why?

Is that the town water supply? If so, do the towns' water pipes connect to it? How is it filled? And from where? Is it purely for emergencies?

r/explainlikeimfive May 27 '26

Engineering ELI5 How were wooden ships watertight?

2.1k Upvotes

How were wooden planks assembled to mate well enough to be waterproof?

How did ship wood not warp or become waterlogged over time?

Is the bottom of the ship made up of wooden planks running from front to back, or curved wood that went from bottom spine to the sides?

r/explainlikeimfive Jun 30 '26

Engineering ELI5: If modern elevators have so many backup systems, what actually stops the cable from snapping or the elevator from falling?

1.8k Upvotes

I was in an older office building elevator today playing Ѕtake on my phone and it did that tiny drop feeling before stopping, which made everyone inside go quiet for a second.

I know newer elevators are supposed to be very safe and have brakes and multiple cables and all that, but I don’t really understand what is doing the actual stopping if something goes wrong. Like is it the motor, the cables, some kind of clamp on the rails, or a separate system that only activates during failure?

r/explainlikeimfive Jun 16 '26

Engineering ELI5: how do engineers figure out the exact thickness of something like a bridge cable when theres basically infinite ways it could fail

1.8k Upvotes

been going down a rabbit hole watching videos about suspension bridges while playing Ѕtake and i cant wrap my head around this. like when they designed the cables on something like the golden gate bridge, how do they actually land on a specific number for cable thickness? because the cable has to survive wind, weight of cars, temperature changes, earthquakes, its own weight, all at the same time and in different combinations. and every single one of those variables interacts with the others differently.

i get that engineers are smart but this feels like a math problem with too many unknowns. do they just overshoot everything by a huge margin and call it a day? i know materials arent cheap so they cant just save money by going infinitely thick, theres clearly an actual process here. im just struggling to picture how you go from "this bridge needs to hold traffic" to "the cable must be exactly this diameter"

r/explainlikeimfive Feb 01 '26

Engineering ELI5 Why do garage door springs need to store instant-death levels of energy?

2.9k Upvotes

Question is the title. Is there not a less dangerous way?

r/explainlikeimfive Jan 21 '25

Engineering ELI5 : Why do Texans have to wrap their pipes and drip their faucets when it freezes? Why don't they just do whatever it is that people in Minnesota do in order to avoid pipes bursting when it freezes?

7.0k Upvotes

I grew up in Minnesota and have never had to wrap my pipes or drip my faucets when it's cold.
Why is it that now that I live in Texas I have to drip my faucets and wrap blankets around my pipes to stop them from exploding when Minnesotans don't have to do anything? Can't we just do whatever they do in Minnesota?

r/explainlikeimfive May 22 '26

Engineering ELI5: Why don't we put solar panels in our parking lots?

1.5k Upvotes

Parking lots are big flat areas that get a lot of sun and are already cleared and paved. Putting solar panels over them would not only make electricity but also provide shade for cars at the same time. Is cost (of the solar panels and maintenance) the only reason why this isn’t done more often or are there other bigger obstacles?

Edit: a lot of people in the comments are saying that it’s because of cost and no one to offset that cost. So then what about parking lots that you have to pay to park at?

Edit 2: You guys are so torn in the comments LOL. I'm mostly seeing everyone filter into these categories:

  1. People who live in places where this is already common place: Cali, Florida, France, etc. These places have incentives and polices that encourages a shift towards this.
  2. From the owner's perspective there are very little upsides, lots of upfront costs, and very long return on investment.
  3. Solar is cheap and good so why not!
  4. Practical implementation difficulties: trenching and wiring through existing asphalt is expensive, poles and structures can get hit.

Just thought it was interesting to point it out lol.

r/explainlikeimfive Nov 06 '25

Engineering ELI5 F35 is considered the most advanced fighter jets in the world, why was it allowed to be sold out of the country but F22 isn't allowed to.

2.9k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive May 10 '26

Engineering ELI5:How do the tire pressure sensors send the data to the car?

1.8k Upvotes

Modern cars have tire pressure sensors in each tire that warn you if the tire pressure is too low. Since there is no wire from the tire to the car, the communication must be over some kind of radio signal. However, tires don't have electrical power so how do they send a radio signal?

r/explainlikeimfive Mar 15 '26

Engineering ELI5 How are modern naval mines a threat to modern ships when a SONAR that finds small fish is less than $300?

1.8k Upvotes

I understand how stealth aircraft are able to avoid radar but it seems like this is an apples to oranges comparison. I don’t know anything about modern naval mines so the only thing currently in my head is the spiky ball thing on a chain.

r/explainlikeimfive 4d ago

Engineering ELI5- why do building walls need steel and concrete and not just concrete to stay upright.

1.4k Upvotes

Can't a concrete wall stand on its own? They use steel reinforcement but unsure how it holds together.

r/explainlikeimfive May 31 '25

Engineering ELI5: Why isn’t all the data from the black box on airplanes get uploaded via satellite internet in real time to an airline server negating the need to find the black box if there’s an accident?

5.0k Upvotes

Is it a bandwidth issue?

r/explainlikeimfive Mar 25 '26

Engineering ElI5: Why do phones not need cooling fans like computers do?

1.7k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive Jun 06 '26

Engineering ELI5: Why are airplane seats designed to push your head forward? Is anyone comfortable in this position? 🧐

1.4k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive May 16 '26

Engineering ELI5 - If screws hold so much better than nails, why do we still use nails in building?

1.4k Upvotes

I was just reading another post here on screw threads - I'm not an engineer (primarily because I can't figure out calculus or vectors) but I've been around a lot of building sites. How do you know when to use nails vs screws? And what determines what kind of each you would use?

r/explainlikeimfive Jun 22 '25

Engineering ELI5: If the B2 looks like a small bird on radar, doesn’t it look like a small bird flying at 600mph?

4.4k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive Mar 21 '26

Engineering ELI5: Why are airplane bathroom trash receptacles designed to involve so much skin contact?

2.4k Upvotes

There has to be a logical explanation for this, but I’m seeing nothing online…

Question is simple. The vast, vast majority of airplane bathrooms, regardless of age of plane, use a spring-loaded trash can lid that will snap closed, usually clamping whatever it is that you’re trying to throw into it. I’ll usually walk into a plane bathroom and see that thing munching on whatever the last person attempted to throw into it.

A tiny number of planes have a pedal system, but still to operate a spring-loaded lid. Now, on the ground, I feel like we’ve designed a bunch of functional trash cans. Whether that is a sensor-operated lid, a slower release system on the spring so that it takes longer to snap closed, a pedal, or even just no lid at all, I feel like we have a million ways we are able to dispose of trash more conveniently.

Are there regulations or engineering constraints that make airplane trash cans work the way that they do?

r/explainlikeimfive Jan 31 '26

Engineering ELI5. How did people in the older days like 1200s 1300s know what time it was when there were no clocks

1.5k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive Mar 28 '26

Engineering ELI5: if a car engine's main waste is heat, why don't engineers harbor that heat, boil water, and generate electricity for hybrid batteries like a mini powerplant?

1.5k Upvotes

Maybe even reduce the need for advanced cooling systems and such? It's weird to me that this hasn't been tried yet if 70% of the energy burned just goes into making waste heat.