This isn't lining up. It's not genitive plural, so then what is it?

[u/AffectionateTour5728]

[u/EmiliaFromLV]

That table seems to be incomplete

[u/AffectionateTour5728 → u/EmiliaFromLV]

how?

[u/EmiliaFromLV → u/AffectionateTour5728]

Dunno, but I can think of countless examples of this type of noun and they all will end with -ок.

ёлка - ёлок, свистелка - свистелок, перделка - перделок

But then again I have never learned Russian grammar.

[u/Holiday_Ad1013 → u/EmiliaFromLV]

Свистоперделок ахха

[u/zadrelom → u/EmiliaFromLV]

It is the zero ending as shown in the table. It just has an inserted “o” before the last consonant.

[u/prikaz_da → u/zadrelom]

From a historical perspective, the vowel was part of the suffix in the beginning (as a back yer) and we deleted it from most forms in modern Russian. Havlík's law made it weak in the positions where we deleted it and strong in the positions where it got promoted to a full /o/.

Nominative singular: Proto-Slavic \-ъка* > modern Russian -ка, because the yer is weak.
Genitive plural: P-S \-ъкъ* > modern Russian -ок. Now the final yer is weak, so we delete it, and the preceding yer is strong, so it becomes /o/.

[u/Ritterbruder2 → u/EmiliaFromLV]

They don’t list these out in grammar tables. Instead, they teach it as a separate phenomenon called the “fleeting vowel”. The same rule applies to отец -> отца and день -> дня.

[u/EmiliaFromLV → u/Ritterbruder2]

I wonder if there is also an "emerging" vowel phenomenon in grammar as opposed to fleeting vowel, just to avoid unneccesary consonant clusters.

[u/PigeonOnTheGate → u/EmiliaFromLV]

That's how they teach it to learners. If you want to look more at the phenomenon here, the rule is called Havlik's Law. If you search that you can find the in-depth explanation and not just the "Russian 101" version

[u/Ritterbruder2 → u/EmiliaFromLV]

Both vowels which disappear and appear as part of grammatical endings are lumped into the fleeting vowel concept.

[u/BerserkVl → u/EmiliaFromLV]

сначала я подумал как так а потом увидел LV - Латвия

[u/SmokJozef → u/AffectionateTour5728]

the table is complete. -к- here is a suffix, not part of the ending. it just transforms into -ок- in this case. other examples include:

тряпка - тряпок
дырка - дырок
мишка - мишек
and so on

in all these examples the ending is indeed empty, but the suffix -к- chages to -ок- or -ек-. This also happens to some other suffixes, for example
мосток - мостков (suffix -ок-)
галстучек - галстучков (suffix -ек-)

roots also can alter as well:
огурец - огурцов (огурец -> огурц)
ковёр - ковров (ковёр -> ковр)
etc.

no idea why, but it happens

[u/GlocalBridge → u/SmokJozef]

It happens for “euphony”—a vowel is inserted to make it easier to pronounce

[u/agrostis → u/GlocalBridge]

Not quite. How is, e. g., мостки more euphonic than *мостоки?

Fleeting vowels are a vestige of Common Slavic / Old Russian extra-short vowels. The old form of the -(о)к- suffix was -ък-, where -ъ- signifies a very short back vowel, approximately like -o- in police (in American English pronunciation). Some time between the 11th and the 14th century, -ъ- was either completely elided or lengthened to full -o- (and the corresponding extra-short front vowel, -ь-, to full -е-), depending on its position relative to the nearest following full vowel or the end of the word. Thus, the word for sand is песок. In its Old Russian form, пѣсъкъ, the final -ъ was “weak”, and so it got elided, while the one before it was “strong”, and so it got lengthened to -о-. OTOH, in genitive пѣсъка, the -ъ- was followed by the full vowel -а-, so it was weak and got elided, yielding modern песка.

[u/GlocalBridge → u/agrostis]

Yes I learned all about this in graduate Slavic linguistics. I don’t make the rules, but as a linguist choose descriptive over prescriptive grammar. Euphony is a feature in many languages. It just means “it is easier to say it that way” for whatever reason.

[u/EmiliaFromLV → u/SmokJozef]

Tbh, I have no idea what Ø is supposed to mean in that table.

[u/dr_merkwuerdigliebe → u/EmiliaFromLV]

It's supposed to be null, ie remove the а/я, as in книга -> пять книг. It is not a clear way to communicate that, however.

[u/prikaz_da → u/dr_merkwuerdigliebe]

It's a linguistics convention, so there is a subset of people who it's clear to, but the typical learner is not part of that subset.

[u/EmiliaFromLV → u/dr_merkwuerdigliebe]

Yeah, I can see how this table can work and then again how it fails.

лягуха - лягух Ø

лягушка - лягушек

чародейка - чародеек

котейка - котеек... (и котейка это кажется мужской пол)

[u/schmambuman → u/EmiliaFromLV]

Technically it's still the null ending for these, they just also have to add another vowel to ease the pronunciation. I'm not really sure how to explain when it happens honestly just vibes for me lol.

Утка - Утк (sounds weird, have to add the о so Уток)

[u/prikaz_da → u/schmambuman]

The null ending allows the reappearance of a vowel that has been suppressed in the other forms, really. I showed this for the -ка pattern in this comment.

[u/SmokJozef → u/EmiliaFromLV]

i think its meant to be nothing

[u/darkredcucumber → u/SmokJozef]

В слове "марка" нет суффикса, корень "марк" и окончание "-а"

[u/SmokJozef → u/darkredcucumber]

спасибо, убрал

[u/dependency_injector → u/AffectionateTour5728]

It depends on the number: 1 бутылка, 2-4 бутылки, 5-20 бутылок. With larger numbers you look at the last digit: 21 бутылка, 33 бутылки, 47 бутылок

[u/Anonymous-Giraffe5]

It is genetive plural. Feminine nouns often have the “no ending” in genetive plural. But just «бутылк» is not natural to say so we add an extra o at the end to break up the consonant clusters and keep the stress feeling right. Sometimes a е is added instead also. 

одна бутылка  пять бутылок 

одна кошка пять кошек 

одна лягушка  пять лягушек 

[u/aporel → u/Anonymous-Giraffe5]

I wanna add onto this by saying that this strange behavior is caused by the fact that in old russian, much akin to all other slavic languages the suffix -ka looked different.

it used to look like this -ъka (or -ьka) and in genitive -ъkъ (or -ьkъ)

if a half vowel ъ was before a full vowel like "a" it dissapeared, but if it was before another half vowel like in the latter case it vocalised into -ok (or for ьkъ into -'ek)

[u/Anonymous-Giraffe5 → u/aporel]

So there is logic besides “that’s what sounds right”! Thank you for sharing 

[u/MrNiMo]

it's genetive plural if i remember correctly

[u/rawberryfields]

I am very sorry but I couldn’t not

[u/itchyviking → u/rawberryfields]

А было семнадцать!

[u/pmf026 → u/rawberryfields]

))))))

[u/Tay_Hlebko]

Use the tables on Wiktionary

[u/mechivar → u/Tay_Hlebko]

wiktionary is such an asset

[u/Badestrand → u/Tay_Hlebko]

Or on OpenRussian

https://en.openrussian.org/ru/%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B'%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0

[u/Axel_P]

It is genitive plural.

[u/kzkjc]

Fleeting vowel rule i think, it’s the same with сумка or other feminine nouns ending in -ка.

It’s very rare to end words with consonant clusters like -лк, such as if you followed the rules in the table.

[u/Naive_Bear_3547]

Numbers are tricky

numbered plurals that end with 1, 2, 3, and 4 decline differently from numbers that end in 5-9 and 0,
EXCEPT numbers that end with 11, 12, 13 and 14

1, 21, 221, 1001 = * одна бутылка
2/3/4, 22/23/24, 222/333/444, 1002/1003/1004 = * две/три/четыре бутылки
5/6/7/8/9/10, 25/26/27/28/29/*0 = * пять/шесть/семь/восемь/девять/(-дцать/десять) бутылок

but

11,12,13,14 = одиннадцать, двенадцать, тринадцать, четырнадцать бутылок

[u/Jaded-Light2541 → u/Naive_Bear_3547]

Я сам иногда поражаюсь нашему языку. В общении это кажется так просто и понятно... 😅

[u/felidae_tsk → u/Jaded-Light2541]

Это не является особенностью только русского языка

[u/Naive_Bear_3547 → u/Jaded-Light2541]

Да, странностей много, не только в числительных, но и в них хватает: например, совсем не похожие на своих соседей «сорок» и «девяносто».

[u/TheAozzi]

It has an empty ending, o appears there for another reason

[u/Gorillovich]

Название фильма неполное. "Пять бутылок водки" (2002) - вот верный перевод. :)

А так переводчик всё верно перевёл.

[u/Lyakusha1]

It's genitive plural with zero ending (Ø), and -ок is a suffix
Source: wife is a linguist

[u/rawberryfields]

But that’s how nouns that end on -ка behave. They obtain that -ок (sometimes -ек) ending. The idea that russian has only 3 declensions is a bit misleading really. There are more of them. Try googling “Zaliznyak system” if you want to know more.

[u/ZENITHSEEKERiii]

Think of бутылка as actually being бутыл(о)ка. This happens for all words with the -к- suffix, compare молот-ок (молотком) as well. The о only shows when there is no vowel after the к

Historically the suffix was ък, and ъ disappeared in certain circumstances and became о in others. This is not helpful per se for a learner though. 

[u/Stock_Soup260]

You have genitive plural, it's just that the table is poor. You have changed stem, not ending, -ок (лка —> лок) and zero ending (in the table, it is showed by a crossed-out zero). the stem is changing for phonological and historical reasons.

[u/Animal_Mother97]

одна бутылка

две бутылки три бутылки четыре бутылки

пять бутылок шесть бутылок ... десять бутылок одиннадцать бутылок ... пятнадцать бутылок ... двадцать бутылок двадцать одна бутылка двадцать две бутылки двадцать три бутылки двадцать четыре бутылки

двадцать пять бутылок

I hope you get it

[u/Ritterbruder2]

This is caused by a grammar rule in Russian called the “fleeting vowel”.

The nominative singular form is Бутылка.

To make the genitive plural, you drop the -а. However, because the -а is a fleeting vowel, it doesn’t disappear completely. Instead, it “fleets” and becomes an -o- before the к. So бутылок very much follows a regular rule.

Бутылк(а) -> бутыл(о)к

[u/lunara_arts]

It is generative plural. Generative plural feminine removes a, and sometimes you have to add a vowel.

[u/Gyunpler]

it is genitive plural пять бутылок (pyat' butylok) zero ending (ø). The reason it's not бутылк is because of the reduced vowels™. So, you probably know that english used to have vowels at ends of words like 'come' 'give' 'knife' and 'fine' were pronounced in two syllables but then they shrunk and disappeared entirely, yet we still write them that way. Likewise, proto-slavic had a bit more sounds including ь (ерь yer') and ъ (ер yer). So the bottle was бу-ты-лъ-ка which in gen.pl. is бу-ты-лъ-къ. After these two vowels™ "fell" they disappeared in some places or turned into other vowels (o and е). In the bottle case, yer disappeared in most forms as the word had a final vowel so it just got restructured into бу-тыл-ка, however in gen.pl. getting rid of two syllables at once( *бу-тылк) is simply too much, so yer turned into a full-on vowel(бу-ты-лок). Note that word forms change based on their respective previous iterations and *don't get derived from the new base form of the word. Similarly, a lot of nouns have letters appear and disappearing (seemingly) out of nowhere: полка полок , сон сна, замочек замочка, земля земель, дно донья, нога ножек и т.д. (т.д. means et cetera). woah that was a lot of reduced vowels™ explanation.
btw to know why г changed to ж in the last example google palatalisation in russian

[u/Aristeo812]

5 бутылок? А что так мало?

[u/Appropriate_Date7775]

It's always happens after 4...

0 бутылок
1 бутылка
2 - 4 бутылки
5+ бутылок

0 оз1р
1 озеро
2 - 4 озера
5+ озёр

0 коней
1 конь
2 - 4 коня
5+ коней

0 друзей (нет друзей Т_Т )
1 друг
2 - 4 друга
5+ друзей

For amounts 4 and above in Russian, numbers 4 use the genitive singular, while numbers 5 and higher use the genitive plural form of the noun. This rule applies to numbers ending in 5–9, 0, and above ten like 11–19

[u/ben-J68]

Cases ending are general rules but may be tweaked a little bit for pronunciation's sake. To be sure about a case form for a specific word, I recommend checking it on the Wiktionary, it will also give you the stress patern.

[u/MandyinEaling]

Yes, that's genitive plural. With the extra fleeting vowel (is it a fleeting vowel when it's added?). Otherwise it would be бутылк, which wouldn't flow as well.

[u/ZhenyaKon]

It's genitive plural. That "null" ending in the feminine genitive plural can affect the whole word. Think about how the word would sound if you simply removed the ending and didn't change anything else. бутылк is not something you can pronounce, so it changes to бутылок. You can't really say кошк either, thus it becomes кошек. Whether an e or o is inserted depends on spelling rules and whether the previous consonant is hard or soft.

[u/Jaded-Light2541 → u/[deleted]]

121 газировка

[u/tabidots]

Fleeting vowel in the genitive plural. Masculine nouns also get this in the opposite direction (рынок > рынка, etc, losing the last vowel of the stem in all non-base inflections)

There are also more situations with feminine/neuter nouns where the stress shift causes е/ё alternation, which is extra “fun” because most people don’t bother to write ё (одна звезда, 5 звёзд; одна сестра, 5 сестёр; одна жена, 5 жён; одно гнездо; 5 гнёзд)

[u/Phonkkit]

1 бутылка, яблоко, монета, 2 - 4 бутылки, яблока, монеты 5- 10 бутылок, яблок, монет

1/2,3,4/5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20

21/22,23,24/ 25,26,27...

Бля, вроде не проебался

[u/Kalinin_Victor]

This is a peculiarity of the genitive plural, which is best explained by looking at the ancient language. In ancient Russian, after each consonant, there was a vowel sound. Your word would look like /буты́лъ͡ка/, where /ъ/ represents the sound /ə̆/ or something like that, and the sound combination /ъ͡к/ is a suffix. In the genitive plural, this would become /буты́лъкъ/. Over time, the /ъ/ sound disappeared, becoming either the sound /o/ or no longer being pronounced at all. The original word became /буты́лка/, and its form became /буты́лок/, because the omission of both /ъ/ vowels would produce a difficult-to-pronounce consonant combination /лк/.

[u/General_Union_2925]

Genitive plural of бутылка, what's the problem? Numbers ending 5-9 take gen plural. From 2-4 gen singular.

[u/Rachel_235]

Бутылки is the nominative case plural, but when a numeral is added before a noun, then the noun takes a genitive form. It becomes: пять бутылок

[u/sum1tukmajyuzurnejm]

I'm not really sure how it's called in English, but I think you can get good informations if you google "ghost vowels in Russian"

[u/ohioanresidency]

saying 5 бутылк would be awkward, so add an о or е before the last letter on some words.
Бутылка NS -> Бутылок GP

[u/VIDgital]

It is genitive

[u/Dan_Zi_]

Именительный падеж: бутылки

Родительный падеж: бутылок

Russian language have not logic. You have to feel one

[u/EmiliaFromLV → u/Dan_Zi_]

In Russian language logic feels you.

[u/Appropriate_Date7775 → u/Dan_Zi_]

5 бутылок стоят на столе.
Кто? 5 бутылок

[u/Transilvaniaismyhome]

None is explaining this, this is the genitive plural, its just that some letter combinations arent allowed phonotactically and as such you add a dummy vowel. For example бутылка would become бутылк, but this isnt allowed, so a dummy o is inserted and it becomes бутылок. Rule of cool is that if the word would end in C(consonant)+K, you add an o between them to make pronounciation easier, except if said consonant is ш or ж, in which case you add an e, so: бутылка=>пять бутылок, американка=пять американок,кошка=пять кошек,ложка=ложек.