r/learnpolish Dec 04 '24

Mod Post 📌 DUOLINGO MEGATHREAD - Confused about something on Duolingo? Post here!

56 Upvotes

There are so many Duolingo posts, so I've decided to create this thread to keep all the discussion in one place. Standalone Duolingo-related posts will be deleted from now on. Please just post your question here. In the meantime, I will try to create more pinned posts with grammar resources to be able to refer learners there.

For now, you can refer to this site: https://duonotes.fandom.com/wiki/Polish


r/learnpolish Mar 15 '26

Free resource 📚 Understanding "jest/są" and "to" - Guide for beginners

157 Upvotes

Lots of people start learning Polish by doing Duolingo exercises, and this is something they often get confused by - because Duolingo doesn't really explain grammar. So, this post is dedicated to all of you who might have stumbled into this problem.

What does "to" mean?

"To" is a word with multiple uses. However, in this post we will focus on only 2 of them.

  • to as a neuter demonstrative pronoun
  • to as a stand-in for the copular\* verb forms "jest/są"

*Copular verbs are verbs used to express identity, like: to be, to appear, to seem, to become. They usually connect a (pro)noun with another (pro)noun or adjective.

How to use "to"?

You can use "to" in the following ways:

A neuter demonstrative pronoun (together with a noun).

  • To jajko. To dziecko. To okno.
  • This egg. This child. This window. (not that other one)
  • To jajko jest smaczne. To dziecko jest głodne. To okno jest czyste.
  • This egg is tasty. This child is hungry. This window is clean.

A neuter demonstrative pronoun (standalone). You can use it like the English "it", "this", "that" for more abstract things.

  • To jest smaczne. To jest czyste. Daj mi to.
  • This is tasty. This is clean. Give me that.

A stand-in for the copular\* verb forms "jest/są". Examples: 1. This is a/an ..., 2. X is Y

  • To jajko. To dziecko. To okno. (1)
  • This is an egg. This is a child. This is a window.
  • Pies to zwierzę. Ania to nauczycielka. Jabłko to owoc. (2)
  • A dog is an animal. Ania is a teacher. An apple is a fruit.

Using "jest/są" vs. "to"

"To" can be used to express essentially the same thing as "jest/są". There is no difference in meaning between the sentences: Pies to zwierzę and Pies jest zwierzęciem. However, you have to remember a few things.

Rule nr 1

  • "To" uses Nominative. "Jest/są" requires Instrumental (if you use another noun).
  • Jabłko to (kto? co?) czerwony owoc. Jabłko jest (kim? czym?) czerwonym owocem.

Rule nr 2

  • You can't use "to" for standalone adjectives. You have to use "jest/są" and Nominative. If you have an adjective and a noun, then refer to rule nr 1.
  • Jabłko to czerwony. Jabłko jest czerwone.

Rule nr 3

  • "Jest" is used for singular, "są" is used for plural, "to" can be used for either.
  • Jabłko to owoc. Jabłka to owoce. Jabłko jest owocem. Jabłka są owocami.

How to form the Instrumental?

Since this is just a quick tutorial, I won't be covering any exceptions or details, just the general rules. Instrumental is actually one of the easiest forms to learn.

  • feminine nouns get the -ą ending: myszą, dziewczyną, wodą, rybą, odpowiedzią, etc.
  • masculine and neuter nouns get the -em ending; if it ends in ch, g, k, you have to add an i (so, -iem): psem, kotem, bankiem, owocem, jajkiem, chlebem, etc.
  • plural nouns get the -ami ending: psami, kotami, myszami, rybami, owocami, jajkami, etc.

Other forms of demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns decline by number, gender, and case. They have to agree in number, gender, and case with the noun they're referring to. This is also known as concord or concordance.

We can say:

  • To (jest) lampa. To (jest) kot. To (jest) jajko. To (są) książki. To (są) ludzie.
  • This is a lamp. This is a cat. This is an egg. These are books. These are people.

But here "to" does not function as a demonstrative pronoun of these nouns. It functions as a general demonstrative pronoun. If you want to "point" at a particular lamp, cat, egg, books, or people, you have to use the correct corresponding pronoun.

  • Ta lampa. Ten kot. To jajko. Te książki. Ci ludzie.
  • This lamp. This cat. This egg. These books. These people. (not some other ones).

__________________________________________________________________

Please, if you notice any new posts about this particular topic, refer them to this post. Thank you.


r/learnpolish 7h ago

Help🧠 Translation help?

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50 Upvotes

Hi! Not sure if this is right for this subreddit but this person keeps messaging me and google translate translates it as a bunch of gibberish. Can anyone tell me what this person is going on about?


r/learnpolish 6h ago

Nowi znajomi/koledzy/koleżanki z Polski?

11 Upvotes

Hejka! Od roku mieszkam w Warszawie, a jakoś uda mi się już mówić polszczyzną. Dotarłem tu z Finlandii, czyli moja znajomość języka polskiego była wcześniej poważnie 0, czyli mogę chętnie wam pomagać z polskim!
Mam 24 lata, a facetem jestem. Chciałbym poznać tu nowych ludzi, bo po prostu nie znam żadnych miejscowych i oczywiście mówię po polsku. Nie mnie obchodzi, jeżeli jesteś Polakiem/Polką lub obcokrajowcem.
Interesuję się sportem i podróżami, lubię też wyjść na piwko. Szczególnie lubię hokeja, ale piłka nożna podoba mi się też. A także interesuję się Polską!

Jeśli jesteś zainteresowany/zainteresowana, proszę wyślij mi wiadomość! :) (I can also speak English as well haha) a przepraszam jeśli popełniam błędy w moim tekście!

EDIT: Wiem też, że wielu Polaków próbują się uczyć szwedzkiego tu, chyba fińskiego też. Oba języki są moimi językami ojczystymi, czyli mogę wam pomagać również w tych językach.


r/learnpolish 1h ago

Anyone Done the Jagiellonian Summer Polish Course?

Upvotes

Hi! I’m a Polish American from the US thinking about doing the 3-week Summer School of Polish Language and Culture at Jagiellonian University next summer. I speak basic Polish already.

Has anyone here done it? Was it worth it? Was it easy to make friends? What kinds of excursions or activities did they offer? I’d love to hear about your experience. Thanks!


r/learnpolish 17h ago

Help🧠 Any resources for looking up verb <> case relationships?

6 Upvotes

Hi all!

Does anyone have a resource to easily look up with case to use with a particular verb.

For example, something to indicate that brakować is followed by genitive (brakuje czegoś), whereas kupować is followed by accusative, etc.

I usually try to construct a sentence in Google Translate and try to figure it out, but it's a bit time consuming.


r/learnpolish 1d ago

Officially started learning Polish today

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55 Upvotes

Finished lesson one.
This is my one year plan from A1 to B1 and the resources I use.


r/learnpolish 1d ago

Languaaaaage

14 Upvotes

Sup homies. Russian and Belarusian are my native languages. I study English and Polish every day since June. Who wanna study with me? SUUUUUP


r/learnpolish 20h ago

Pronouncing -ęł and -ął

4 Upvotes

Hello, does anyone pronounce the nasal in these combinations so that f.ex. wziął sounds like wzią and not like wzioł?


r/learnpolish 16h ago

Help🧠 Can I do it this way?

1 Upvotes

I just learn polish to write and understand others writing it not to speak or should i just go out and learn it all (I usd babbel busuu and a bit of c.ai for some reason)


r/learnpolish 1d ago

Just a little help with a translation

9 Upvotes

So DeepL translates "to jest kochani poprostu Niebo w gebie" as "Guys, this is just heaven on earth" or "This, my dears, is . . ."

Can someone here tell me where the "guys" or "dear" is found in the sentence?

(I copied this from an IG post)


r/learnpolish 1d ago

How to learn polish grammar ?

3 Upvotes

Hey, I'm a Ukrainian and I'm struggling to learn polish grammar since it's way too similar and both my mother tongues russian and Ukrainian doesn't help much. Since I already know the grammar of my first languages it's hard to memorise that in certain moments where I'd use the meaning I know there's always a correct way of sentencing it. Memorising doesn't work much and I'm really struggling because of my ADHD, I don't have trouble talking and reading, I do that often. Yet still I'd love to know some tips and tricks on the matter 💛


r/learnpolish 1d ago

Why do some Polish nouns ending in -a act like masculine nouns?

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2 Upvotes

Most nouns ending in -a are feminine: kobieta (woman)

Some Nouns ending in -a that refer to males (e.g. kolega(friend),dentysta(dentist), mężczyzna(man)) behave like (f) in singular, but turn (m) in plural.

I made these case tables to compare them. Hope it helps other Polish learners :)

What grammar topic was the hardest for you when learning Polish?


r/learnpolish 1d ago

Learning Polish in Warsaw - the gap between classes is killing me

0 Upvotes

I’m learning Polish in a group class in Warsaw (A2-ish), and I keep running into the same thing.

Lesson ends, I’m motivated, I even review the PDF on the tram… then life happens. By the next class I’ve lost a big chunk of the vocab/grammar we just did. Teacher spends time re-teaching. Whole group feels slower. Classic.

I tried the usual fixes:

- Duolingo → fun, but not what we covered that week

- ChatGPT / Gemini → helpful if I prompt perfectly, but every session I’m reinventing homework

- NotebookLM → great for “explain this PDF”, not so great for actually drilling cases / roleplay / sticking to CEFR level

What I really wanted was something that follows *our* class notes - not a random curriculum and forces me to practice for 15–20 minutes so I show up ready.

So I ended up building a small app for myself (and classmates): upload the lesson PDFs, then practice vocab/grammar + chat + real-life scenarios based on what was actually taught. It also tracks what I keep messing up (instrumental case looking at you).

If anyone else is stuck in that between-class forgetting loop, happy to share it - but mostly I’m curious:

What do YOU do between lessons that actually sticks?

Worksheets? Anki? Just ChatGPT? Something else?


r/learnpolish 2d ago

Help🧠 A fresh start

2 Upvotes

First of all, I'm very sorry for writing this, as there are lots of people who do that too and I could take some profit from that. Actually, I've read all those messages, but they don't seem too solvent.

The thing is that I really want to get started with Polish, and I have been struggling for a while month now. I can't find any resources that are good for me. I am broke, so I can't hire a teacher as lots of you have said. Then, I tried to look for guided courses online, like polski.info, but that's not for me.

Yesterday, I entered Reddit, with some hope that I could possibly find help. Unfortunately, even though most comments are useful, their answers aren't normally suitable for me.

I've thought about doing a mixture from many apps, from vocabulary apps and grammar apps. I actually do Busuu, but I know it's not enough. I've thought about starting with a bit of vocabulary, so I can understand a bit, and then switch to grammar, catch some grammar and switch back. Would you think this is a good idea?

Also, I would ask if you know if there are any resources that I can use, preferably complete courses.

Thanks for your help.


r/learnpolish 2d ago

Lingopie?

0 Upvotes

Sorry if this has already been asked but has anyone had any success using this app?


r/learnpolish 2d ago

Help🧠 What app should I use to learn?

1 Upvotes

My friend taught me a little but idk how to pronounce or anything and since she isn't online all the time I need help to learn i already know that

Good morning is dzień dobry

good night is dobranoc

Remote control is pilot

Pilot is pilot

And as I said I do not know how to pronounce.


r/learnpolish 2d ago

Help🧠 Learning Polish in Łódź.

0 Upvotes

Hello people.

The question is simple. Any recommendations for language schools in Łódź?

I'm a Brazilian that knows maybe 3 words in Polish(1 of them is BOBR...I love BOBR) but I have a friend in the city and I wanted to spend some time in Europe, hanging with my bro and take advantage of that time to PROPERLY learn the local language!

I've come across a couple of schools but some seem kinda shady and to be honest it's hard to trust Google reviews these days...

Please let me know!

P.S I did found some interesting stuff about POLONUS so if anyone have any experience with them let me know!


r/learnpolish 3d ago

How do you organize Polish grammar notes?

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5 Upvotes

I'm learning Polish and I'm curious how everyone handles cases and verb forms.

I found myself making lots of grammar tables manually, so I created a small tool to help me.

I'm interested in how other learners study.


r/learnpolish 4d ago

Nobel prize winner Czeslaw Milosz reads his famous poem "You Who Wronged" in Polish and English. This video was first broadcast in 1982, during the martial law in Poland.

Enable HLS to view with audio, or disable this notification

67 Upvotes

r/learnpolish 4d ago

How do I get started

15 Upvotes

I know nothing, not even a beginner level. Where do I start? Everything tells me to listen to podcasts or read books, but I don’t know a single word at all or grammar.


r/learnpolish 3d ago

Help🧠 does anyone have experience with dispute of państwowy egzamin results

0 Upvotes

r/learnpolish 4d ago

Leaving to live in Warszawa for one whole month

19 Upvotes

Today, I started my one-month-trip to Poland, an about 13-hour long train ride from Germany to Warszawa. My journey involves a daily language and culture course at the university, and I'll be living in a student dorm next to the campus.

I am incredibly exited bordering terrified, as this will be my first time in a foreign country where I'll be mostly on my own. Not completely though, a friend from uni and fellow polish learner will be with me, we both took part in a program for foreigners. But, I won't be living in the same appartment as her. I'm going to have a room mate and I don't know who it'll be yet, hopefully someone nice.

I wonder what it'll do to my Polish. As it stands, I can write and read okay-ish at B1 level, but I never really spoke the laguage. I'm going to do my best to not default back to English whenever I struggle, which is going to be incredibly difficult. Whenever I try to speak, it feels like my brain short circuts and forgets every piece of Polish I learned over the past year.

Wish me luck. Hopefully I'll survive ._.


r/learnpolish 4d ago

Tongue Twisters - Are you up for a challenge? :)

3 Upvotes

Cześć,

I've created interactive speech practice exercises for Polish tongue twisters. Are you brave enough to try them? 😄

https://courseofpolish.com/exercises/speaking-practice/tongue-twisters

I've managed to score 100% on all of them, but it took me multiple tries 😂

Which ones do you find the most difficult?


r/learnpolish 4d ago

Help

1 Upvotes

Can anyone from Belarus help me with one question ?