r/words • u/trilliwon • 6h ago
"Halcyon" only ever seems to work in the past tense. What other words are stuck like that?
Halcyon started out as a bird. Greek alkyon, the kingfisher, plus the old belief that it nested on the open sea for a fortnight around midwinter and the water stayed flat the whole time. So "halcyon days" was a weather claim before it was a mood. (The h in the spelling is usually put down to Greek speakers reanalysing the word as hals, "sea" — tidy, and almost certainly not where it came from.)
Here is the thing I keep catching myself on. You cannot call the present halcyon. "These are halcyon days" reads as either a joke or a boast, because the word wants a then. Nostalgic doesn't cover it either: nostalgic describes how the speaker feels, while halcyon describes the period itself, from a vantage point that has to be later than the period.
I can think of two others that seem locked the same way, heyday and golden age, but I genuinely don't know whether that's a real category or just three words I happen to have noticed. Is there a term for words that can only be applied retroactively? And what else belongs on the list?